Comparison between Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Method for a Fault Diagnostics in Rolling Element Bearings

AbstractRolling element bearings are the most crucial part of any rotating machines. The failures of bearing without warning will result catastrophic consequences in many situations. Therefore condition monitoring of bearing is very important. In this paper, artificial intelligence techniques are used to predict and analyses the bearing faults. Experiments were carried out on rolling bearing having localized defects on the various bearing components for wide range of speed and vibration signals were stored. Condition monitoring systems is divided in two important part one feature extraction and second diagnosis through extracted features. Daubechies wavelet is popular for smoothing of signals so, it is chosen for reducing the background noise from vibration signal. Kurtosis, RMS, Creast factor and Peak difference as suitable time domains features are extracted from decompose time velocity signals. Back propagation multilayer neural network was train and tested by 369 pre-treated normliesed features. Support vector machine is also used for the same data for predicting bearing faults. Finally, it is found that Support vector machine techniques gives better results over ANN

Long-term follow-up of intratympanic methylprednisolone versus gentamicin in patients with unilateral Menière’s disease

Objectives: To determine whether long term (>48 months) symptomatic vertigo control is sustained in patients with Menie`re’s disease from a previous comparative trial of intratympanic methylprednisolone versus gentamicin, and if the two treatments remain nonsignificantly different at longterm follow-up. Study Design: Mail survey recording vertigo frequency in the previous one and six months, further intratympanic treatment received, and validated symptom questionnaires. Setting: Outpatient hospital clinic setting. Patients: Adult patients with definite unilateral refractory Menie`re’s disease, who previously received in tratympanic treatment in a comparative trial. Intervention: A survey of trial participants who received intratympanic gentamicin (40 mg/mL) or methylprednisolone (62.5 mg/mL). Outcome measures: Primary: number of vertigo attacks in the 6 months prior to receiving this survey compared with the 6 months before the first trial injection. Secondary: : Number of vertigo attacks over the previous 1 month; validated symptom questionnaire scores of tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo, aural fullness, and functional disability. Results: Average follow-up was 70.8 months (standard deviation 17.0) from the first treatment injection. Vertigo attacks in the 6 months prior to receiving the current survey reduced by 95% compared to baseline in both drug groups (intention-to-treat analysis, both p<0.001). No significant difference between drugs was found for the primary and secondary outcomes. Eight participants (methylprednisolone ¼ 5 and gentamicin ¼ 3) required further injections for relapse after completing the original trial. Conclusion: Intratympanic methylprednisolone treatment provides effective long-lasting relief of vertigo, without the known inner-ear toxicity associated with gentamicin. There are no significant differences between the two treatments at long term follow-up

Intratympanic methylprednisolone versus gentamicin in patients with unilateral Ménière's disease: a randomised, double-blind, comparative effectiveness trial

Background Ménière’s disease is characterised by severe vertigo attacks and hearing loss. Intratympanic gentamicin,the standard treatment for refractory Ménière’s disease, reduces vertigo, but damages vestibular function and can worsen hearing. We aimed to assess whether intratympanic administration of the corticosteroid methylprednisolone reduces vertigo compared with gentamicin. Methods In this double-blind comparative eff ectiveness trial, patients aged 18–70 years with refractory unilateral Ménière’s disease were enrolled at Charing Cross Hospital (London, UK) and Leicester Royal Infirmary (Leicester, UK). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by a block design to two intratympanic methylprednisolone(62·5 mg/mL) or gentamicin (40 mg/mL) injections given 2 weeks apart, and were followed up for 2 years. All investigators and patients were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was vertigo frequency over the final 6 months (18–24 months after injection) compared with the 6 months before the first injection. Analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population, and then per protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00802529. Findings Between June 19, 2009, and April 15, 2013, 256 patients with Ménière’s disease were screened, 60 of whom were enrolled and randomly assigned: 30 to gentamicin and 30 to methylprednisolone. In the intention-to-treat analysis (ie, all 60 patients), the mean number of vertigo attacks in the fi nal 6 months compared with the 6 months before the fi rst injection (primary outcome) decreased from 19·9 (SD 16·7) to 2·5 (5·8) in the gentamicin group (87% reduction) and from 16·4 (12·5) to 1·6 (3·4) in the methylprednisolone group (90% reduction; mean diff erence –0·9,95% CI –3·4 to 1·6). Patients whose vertigo did not improve after injection (ie, non-responders) after being assessed by an unmasked clinician were eligible for additional injections given by a masked clinician (eight patients in the gentamicin group vs 15 in the methylprednisolone group). Two non-responders switched from methylprednisolone to gentamicin. Both drugs were well tolerated with no safety concerns. Six patients reported one adverse event each: three in the gentamicin group and three in the methylprednisolone group. The most common adverse event was minor ear infections, which was experienced by one patient in the gentamicin group and two in the methylprednisolone group. Interpretation Methylprednisolone injections are a non-ablative, effective treatment for refractory Ménière’s disease. The choice between methylprednisolone and gentamicin should be made based on clinical knowledge and patient circumstances

Long Term Functional and Esthetic Outcomes After Fibula Free Flap Reconstruction of the Mandible

Objectives: To report functional and esthetic outcomes, after fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction of the mandible for oral cancer, assessed by physicians, non-clinicians and patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five long term survivors from oral cancer after FFF reconstruction were recalled for head and neck examination by surgeons and patient reported outcomes, using EORTC, QLQ C-30, H&N-35 and FACE-Q questionnaires. Results: Physicians reported 64% restoration of functionality compared to normal. Patients reported high scores on QLQ-C30, but lower scores on H&N-35. Esthetic scores were reported higher by clinicians than non-clinicians. The decline in function and appearance was attributed to loss of lower dentition, trismus, mal occlusion, xerostomia and tissue atrophy. Conclusion: To minimize the decline in function and appearance, immediate dental implants in FFF, better reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint, newer methods of radiotherapy to minimize xerostomia and oral exercises to prevent trismus should be considered

Extracting Spooky-activation-at-a-distance from Considerations of Entanglement

Following an early claim by Nelson & McEvoy \cite{Nelson:McEvoy:2007} suggesting that word associations can display `spooky action at a distance behaviour', a serious investigation of the potentially quantum nature of such associations is currently underway. This paper presents a simple quantum model of a word association system. It is shown that a quantum model of word entanglement can recover aspects of both the Spreading Activation equation and the Spooky-activation-at-a-distance equation, both of which are used to model the activation level of words in human memory.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures; To appear in Proceedings of the Third Quantum Interaction Symposium, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol 5494, Springer, 200

Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks fifth amongst the most common malignancies and is the third most common cause of cancer-related death globally. Artificial Intelligence is a rapidly growing field of interest. Following the PRISMA reporting guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to retrieve articles reporting the application of AI in HCC detection and characterization. A total of 27 articles were included and analyzed with our composite score for the evaluation of the quality of the publications. The contingency table reported a statistically significant constant improvement over the years of the total quality score (p = 0.004). Different AI methods have been adopted in the included articles correlated with 19 articles studying CT (41.30%), 20 studying US (43.47%), and 7 studying MRI (15.21%). No article has discussed the use of artificial intelligence in PET and X-ray technology. Our systematic approach has shown that previous works in HCC detection and characterization have assessed the comparability of conventional interpretation with machine learning using US, CT, and MRI. The distribution of the imaging techniques in our analysis reflects the usefulness and evolution of medical imaging for the diagnosis of HCC. Moreover, our results highlight an imminent need for data sharing in collaborative data repositories to minimize unnecessary repetition and wastage of resources